Minggu, 02 September 2018
Rabu, 23 Maret 2016
Selasa, 22 Maret 2016
hope
i just want someone say to me
don't just give up now, you still can do it
if you are fail, just say it your success aren't now
and you are still can keep going
even if you think you are the worst person ever, it doesn't mean you can't do something
just keep up
there are a light future are wait for you to catch
don't just give up now, you still can do it
if you are fail, just say it your success aren't now
and you are still can keep going
even if you think you are the worst person ever, it doesn't mean you can't do something
just keep up
there are a light future are wait for you to catch
regreted thing
sometimes i think of something that almost crazy
don't be able to control your self is the worst thing as ever
it's been happened long time ago
i just can't do it.......anymore
don't be able to control your self is the worst thing as ever
it's been happened long time ago
i just can't do it.......anymore
nothing
the think that should be regreted
now i really feel empty
it was the worst all over
even i can't imagine a thing anymore
really dissapointed in...............................my self
now i really feel empty
it was the worst all over
even i can't imagine a thing anymore
really dissapointed in...............................my self
Minggu, 29 Maret 2015
Share jcross.zip - 3 MB
it is my task at call subject, it an listening and pronunciation task, so I Share jcross.zip - 3 MB it to you all, you can download it at http://www.mediafire.com/download/u63viip2z7nmdnt/jcross.zip selamat mencoba.
Minggu, 22 Maret 2015
call 2
hai guys here I have make an english test, if you want it you can to download it I Share - 0 b it on http://www.mediafire.com/download/3danrh3shadpbgm/jquiz_potata.zip . thank's to download
Share jcross potatos.zip - 3 MB
this is english test I make in potato, and I want to Share jcross potatos.zip - 3 MB it please download onhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/07o9ta71zasl28f/jcross_potatos.zip
Sabtu, 14 Maret 2015
potato task
Share call 2 (potato task call 2)
download this to increase your english at https://www.mediafire.com/folder/kjo9hbsy624ep/call_2
download this to increase your english at https://www.mediafire.com/folder/kjo9hbsy624ep/call_2
Jumat, 13 Maret 2015
Senin, 09 Desember 2013
I get this from my friend
this a summary from some of novel western
Uncle Tom's Cabin Summary
How It All Goes Down
Uncle Tom’s Cabin opens as Mr. Shelby and a slave trader,
Mr. Haley, discuss how many slaves Mr. Shelby will need to sell in order to
clear up his debt. Despite his misgivings, Mr. Shelby decides to sell Tom, a
faithful and honest man, and Harry, the son of his wife’s favorite slave,
Eliza.
Eliza overhears that her son has been sold and makes a split-second decision to take him and run away to Canada that very night. Earlier that day, her husband, George Harris, had let her know that he planned to leave his own master, and she hopes they will both be able to escape and reunite in Canada.
As Eliza takes off, the slave trader Mr. Hadley follows her and almost catches her. She escapes into Ohio by crossing a river on a piece of floating ice. Mr. Haley sends slave catchers after her, and returns to collect his remaining property, Tom. Tom chooses not to run because he knows his master (at this point, Mr. Shelby) relies on his honesty.
Tom and Mr. Haley leave for the South. En route, Tom saves a little girl from drowning. The girl's father decides to buy Tom to be his daughter's personal servant. Tom has lucked out (insofar as being sold can be called lucky) because the girl’s father, Augustine St. Clare, treats his slaves relatively well. The little girl, Eva, is also a sweet child, devoted to her servants and family. Unfortunately, the mother, Marie St. Clare, is a more typical slave owner and runs her slaves ragged as they try to satisfy her endless demands.
Tom grows fond of little Eva. They discuss their mutual Christian faith on a daily basis. Eva even transforms the life of a hardened young slave girl named Topsy, and begins to teach another slave, Mammy, to read.
When it is clear that Eva is ill and going to die, she calls all the slaves together to give them a speech about God’s love (and her love) for them. She gives each slave one of her blonde curls so they will remember her. Then she dies of consumption (known now as tuberculosis).
Meanwhile, Eliza and her husband George are reunited in a Quaker camp. From there, they escape to Canada successfully, though not without a couple of run-ins with slave catchers on the way.
Back at St. Clare household, Augustine St. Clare is heartbroken at his daughter Eva’s death, as are all the slaves. St. Clare promises Tom his freedom but, before he finishes making out the papers, he is killed in a barroom brawl. Tom is sold at auction, along with many of the other St. Clare slaves.
Tom’s new master is Simon Legree, an evil and violent man who works his slaves until they die, then buys new ones cheaply in a never-ending cycle. Despite Legree’s treatment, Tom maintains his honest, kind behavior. Legree does his worst to "harden" Tom so that he can use Tom as an overseer on the plantation, but Tom refuses to change no matter how hard or how often Legree beats him.
When Tom encourages two female slaves, whom Legree uses as prostitutes, to escape, Legree beats Tom to death. It takes a few days for him to die, however, and in the meantime, his old master’s son, George Shelby, arrives to emancipate (or free) Tom – too late. Instead, "Master" George buries Tom then leaves.
The two female slaves who escaped Legree’s house, Cassy and Emmeline, end up on the same ship as George Shelby. Cassy confesses her story to him, realizing that George’s heart is soft towards the plight of escaping slaves. Another woman on the ship soon confesses her story to George as well, and it turns out that she is George Harris’s sister, sold south into slavery many years earlier.
George Shelby relates that George Harris married Eliza and they both escaped to Canada. Cassy, overhearing the story, puts two and two together and realizes that Eliza is her own daughter, who was taken from her many years before.
The two women travel to Canada together and are reunited with their families. Although Tom’s life ended in tragedy, there is much happiness among these slaves who survived and escaped the trials and tribulations of slavery, either through emancipation or by fleeing to Canada.
Eliza overhears that her son has been sold and makes a split-second decision to take him and run away to Canada that very night. Earlier that day, her husband, George Harris, had let her know that he planned to leave his own master, and she hopes they will both be able to escape and reunite in Canada.
As Eliza takes off, the slave trader Mr. Hadley follows her and almost catches her. She escapes into Ohio by crossing a river on a piece of floating ice. Mr. Haley sends slave catchers after her, and returns to collect his remaining property, Tom. Tom chooses not to run because he knows his master (at this point, Mr. Shelby) relies on his honesty.
Tom and Mr. Haley leave for the South. En route, Tom saves a little girl from drowning. The girl's father decides to buy Tom to be his daughter's personal servant. Tom has lucked out (insofar as being sold can be called lucky) because the girl’s father, Augustine St. Clare, treats his slaves relatively well. The little girl, Eva, is also a sweet child, devoted to her servants and family. Unfortunately, the mother, Marie St. Clare, is a more typical slave owner and runs her slaves ragged as they try to satisfy her endless demands.
Tom grows fond of little Eva. They discuss their mutual Christian faith on a daily basis. Eva even transforms the life of a hardened young slave girl named Topsy, and begins to teach another slave, Mammy, to read.
When it is clear that Eva is ill and going to die, she calls all the slaves together to give them a speech about God’s love (and her love) for them. She gives each slave one of her blonde curls so they will remember her. Then she dies of consumption (known now as tuberculosis).
Meanwhile, Eliza and her husband George are reunited in a Quaker camp. From there, they escape to Canada successfully, though not without a couple of run-ins with slave catchers on the way.
Back at St. Clare household, Augustine St. Clare is heartbroken at his daughter Eva’s death, as are all the slaves. St. Clare promises Tom his freedom but, before he finishes making out the papers, he is killed in a barroom brawl. Tom is sold at auction, along with many of the other St. Clare slaves.
Tom’s new master is Simon Legree, an evil and violent man who works his slaves until they die, then buys new ones cheaply in a never-ending cycle. Despite Legree’s treatment, Tom maintains his honest, kind behavior. Legree does his worst to "harden" Tom so that he can use Tom as an overseer on the plantation, but Tom refuses to change no matter how hard or how often Legree beats him.
When Tom encourages two female slaves, whom Legree uses as prostitutes, to escape, Legree beats Tom to death. It takes a few days for him to die, however, and in the meantime, his old master’s son, George Shelby, arrives to emancipate (or free) Tom – too late. Instead, "Master" George buries Tom then leaves.
The two female slaves who escaped Legree’s house, Cassy and Emmeline, end up on the same ship as George Shelby. Cassy confesses her story to him, realizing that George’s heart is soft towards the plight of escaping slaves. Another woman on the ship soon confesses her story to George as well, and it turns out that she is George Harris’s sister, sold south into slavery many years earlier.
George Shelby relates that George Harris married Eliza and they both escaped to Canada. Cassy, overhearing the story, puts two and two together and realizes that Eliza is her own daughter, who was taken from her many years before.
The two women travel to Canada together and are reunited with their families. Although Tom’s life ended in tragedy, there is much happiness among these slaves who survived and escaped the trials and tribulations of slavery, either through emancipation or by fleeing to Canada.
Romeo and Juliet Summary
How It All Goes Down
We start off with a little action: a duel between the servants of
two enemy families of Verona: the Montagues and the Capulets. Exciting! After
the swords are sheathed, Verona's Prince shows up to say that the next person
who fights is going to get killed, and he means it this time.
Along comes Romeo Montague, mooning over some chick named
Rosaline. Meanwhile, Juliet Capulet, age thirteen, has just heard that Verona's
most eligible bachelor Paris has his eye on her. They're going to check each
other out that night at a masquerade ball at the Capulets' house. (At least it's
parentally sanctioned child abuse.) Romeo and his friends have decided to crash
the Capulet ball—in costume—because Rosaline is on the guest list.
Things take a turn when Romeo meets Juliet. They fall instantly in
love, obviously, but then—gasp!—find out they're from rival families. It's all
very dire, but, being two crazy kids in love, they have a secret meeting and
decide to get married. Vegas road trip, wooooooo!
Oh wait. No Vegas. Instead, Romeo meets with Friar Laurence to
arrange the marriage, and Juliet gets her nurse to be a go-between. The Nurse
meets Romeo and his friend Mercutio (who thinks the whole situation is
hilarious), and they arrange to get Juliet to Friar Laurence.
Get ready for some more names: Benvolio, another member of the
Montague posse, runs into Tybalt Capulet, who is angry about the Montagues
crashing his family party the other night. Romeo, freshly married, strolls into
the middle of a tense situation—which gets way tense when Tybalt kills Mercutio
and Romeo promptly kills Tybalt in return. Romeo jets, but the Prince still
shows up to banish him. (Hey, at least he's not going to be killed.)
Juliet hears from the Nurse that her new husband has murdered her
cousin, which is a major bummer—but not enough of a bummer to keep her from being
super stoked about her wedding night. The Nurse finds Romeo hiding at Friar
Laurence's, and the Friar hatches a plan. Romeo can spend his wedding night
with Juliet, but then he has to leave town while the Friar finds some way to
get the Prince of Verona to pardon Romeo.
Meanwhile, back at the Capulet house, Lord Capulet decides a
wedding (to Paris) is just the thing to distract Juliet from her grief. Oops!
After Juliet's awesome, romantic wedding night, she finds out that she's
supposed to marry Paris in two days. Even her nurse thinks she should marry
Paris, since Romeo is "as good as dead" to her.
Juliet runs over to Friar Laurence's, where she has a weird kiss
with Paris and then threatens to kill herself. The Friar comes up with a plan
that is 100% guaranteed to work and doesn't sound risky At All (not): giving
her an herbal concoction that will make her appear to be dead for 42 hours.
Yes, exactly 42. So, she runs home, agrees to marry Paris, and takes the poison
so she can be taken to the Capulet tomb where Romeo can find her and everyone
can live happily ever after.
Sadly, Romeo is a little out of the loop off in Mantua, and the
news of Juliet's "death" makes it to Romeo before word of the Friar's
plan. He buys some poison so he can go to Juliet's grave and kill himself,
which is obviously the mature response. But first, he murders Paris and then
spends some time with Juliet's "dead" body.
He drinks the poison and dies just in time for Juliet to wake up
and find him dead. Argh! We hate missed connections! The Friar, who apparently
shows up at some point, tries to convince Juliet to run away, but she refuses
and kills herself with a dagger. Just then, literally everyone shows up to the
tomb at the same time and finds the dead lovers. Friar Laurence confesses
everything, and the two lords of the rival houses are moved by their dead
children's love story and agree to end the feud. Happy ending?
The Sun Also Rises Summary
How It All Goes Down
Jake Barnes and his expatriate friends live in the topsy-turvy,
hedonistic (sensual and self-indulgent) world of post-World
War I Paris.
There, they occasionally work, but spend most of their time partying, drinking,
and arguing. From Jake’s perspective, we meet the cast of characters that
populates his story: the most important among them are Robert Cohn, a
weak-willed, down-on-his-luck Princeton grad and
unsuccessful writer, and Lady Brett Ashley, an exciting, beautiful, and
unpredictable British divorcee.
Although Jake and Brett are actually in love, they aren’t together, presumably because a mysterious war wound has rendered Jake impotent. Cohn falls in love with Brett (as everyone does) and, despite the fact that she’s not terribly impressed with him, she secretly goes on a trip with him to the Spanish resort town of San Sebastian. Cohn is infatuated with Brett – he’s completely smitten. We’re talking truly, madly, deeply in smit. Unfortunately for Cohn (and for everyone, for that matter), Brett is engaged to a wealthy, charming, and utterly inept drunkard named Mike. Jake’s whimsical friend Bill returns to Paris from a trip and a plan is born: everyone agrees to decamp to Spain for some fishing and the running of the bulls in Pamplona.
On their brief fishing trip, Bill and Jake have a splendid time communing with nature and with each other, but the relaxation quickly comes to an end. They return to civilization and meet up with Brett, Mike, and Cohn in Pamplona for a weeklong orgy of bullfights, alcohol, and high drama. Jake has a true passion (aficion) for bullfighting, but everyone else is simply there to have a good time. Brett begins a rather scandalous affair with a passionate and talented young bull-fighter, Pedro Romero. Jake feels terrible for many reasons – among them is the fear that he has corrupted Romero in some way by introducing him to Brett. Cohn’s thwarted infatuation with Brett leads to arguments with everyone and, finally, he beats the unfortunate Romero to a bloody pulp. As the fiesta winds down, everyone leaves Pamplona in various states of anxiety, depression and frustration.
Jake heads to San Sebastian, where he intends to decompress alone for a while. Unfortunately, desperate telegrams from Brett arrive immediately. He goes to her in Madrid, where she is alone, having sent Romero away. For the first time, we see Brett truly vulnerable, afraid, and guilty. The future looks just as bleak – Jake and Brett agree again that, even though they love each other, they can’t be together.
Although Jake and Brett are actually in love, they aren’t together, presumably because a mysterious war wound has rendered Jake impotent. Cohn falls in love with Brett (as everyone does) and, despite the fact that she’s not terribly impressed with him, she secretly goes on a trip with him to the Spanish resort town of San Sebastian. Cohn is infatuated with Brett – he’s completely smitten. We’re talking truly, madly, deeply in smit. Unfortunately for Cohn (and for everyone, for that matter), Brett is engaged to a wealthy, charming, and utterly inept drunkard named Mike. Jake’s whimsical friend Bill returns to Paris from a trip and a plan is born: everyone agrees to decamp to Spain for some fishing and the running of the bulls in Pamplona.
On their brief fishing trip, Bill and Jake have a splendid time communing with nature and with each other, but the relaxation quickly comes to an end. They return to civilization and meet up with Brett, Mike, and Cohn in Pamplona for a weeklong orgy of bullfights, alcohol, and high drama. Jake has a true passion (aficion) for bullfighting, but everyone else is simply there to have a good time. Brett begins a rather scandalous affair with a passionate and talented young bull-fighter, Pedro Romero. Jake feels terrible for many reasons – among them is the fear that he has corrupted Romero in some way by introducing him to Brett. Cohn’s thwarted infatuation with Brett leads to arguments with everyone and, finally, he beats the unfortunate Romero to a bloody pulp. As the fiesta winds down, everyone leaves Pamplona in various states of anxiety, depression and frustration.
Jake heads to San Sebastian, where he intends to decompress alone for a while. Unfortunately, desperate telegrams from Brett arrive immediately. He goes to her in Madrid, where she is alone, having sent Romero away. For the first time, we see Brett truly vulnerable, afraid, and guilty. The future looks just as bleak – Jake and Brett agree again that, even though they love each other, they can’t be together.
The Scarlet Letter Summary
How It All Goes Down
After a brief authorial digression about how his stuffy coworkers
at the Custom House kept him from writing this book until he was fired,
Hawthorne starts us off with a tour of the jail of the mid-17th centuryMassachusetts Bay Colony.
Inside the jail is one Hester Prynne, an adulteress who's just
about to be released from prison so that she can be paraded through town,
displaying the scarlet "A" that she's been forced to wear as evidence
of her adultery. How do we know she's an adulteress? She's got a baby daughter,
Pearl, but her husband has been away for two full years. Even we can do the
math on that one. Despite all the shaming, Hester protects Pearl's father from
punishment by refusing to give up his name.
The adultery parade (worse parade ever) is winding
through town when… Hester Prynne's long-lost husband arrives in disguise! Once
she's back in prison, he shows up and orders her to keep her mouth shut so he
can carry out his Nefarious Plan of ferreting out and seeking revenge on her
lover. For some reason, she agrees.
Hester's husband tells the townspeople that he's a physician named
Roger Chillingworth. He's a smart fellow, so he realizes pretty quickly that
the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the likely father of Hester's baby.
Obviously, his next step is to stalk the minister day and night. The minister
is too afraid to confess his sin publicly, but he's feeling pretty guilty, not
to mention antsy from Chillingworth's constant examination, and also maybe in a
little pain from strange red mark that's on his chest
Oh, and this goes on for seven years.
Finally, Hester realizes that her husband has been doing some really
wack psychological manipulation to the man she loves, and she reveals
Chillingworth's true identity to Dimmesdale. They concoct a plan to settle in
England and create a new life together. Yay, happy ending!
Or not. Dimmesdale ultimately backs out and confesses his sin to
the townspeople on the scaffold where Hester was publicly shamed seven years
earlier. He goes out with a bang by ripping his shirt open (Ã la Jean Valjean)
to reveal the mark on his chest, just before dying.
That's all very dramatic and satisfying, but it's not the end.
About a year later, Chillingworth dies and leaves all his money and property to
Pearl, which means she and her mom can finally get themselves out of that awful
community and return to England to build a new life. Yay, happy ending for sure
this time!
Not quite. Years later, Hester actually returns to
the colony, resuming the scarlet letter of her own will. When she dies, she's
buried near the minister, and they share a gravestone marked with—what
else?—the letter "A."
The Importance of Being Earnest Summary
How It All Goes Down
Algernon Moncrieff welcomes his friend Ernest Worthing in for a
visit. Through an incident with a cigarette case and an unlucky inscription,
Ernest is forced to confess that his name is really Jack. The story goes like
this: in the country, Jack must lead the boring life of responsible guardian
for his pretty, young ward Cecily. So he made up a seedy younger brother named
Ernest, who is the urban socialite.
Cecily, we learn, is a bit too interested in Ernest for her own good. Whenever Jack feels like it, he visits London on the pretense that he’s cleaning up Ernest’s messes. After all, as the older brother he must be responsible for getting his younger brother out of trouble. Instead, Jack takes on the name Ernest and goes partying around town. Algernon is amused by this discovery and reveals that he has a similar nonexistent friend. Algernon's friend is a perpetual invalid named Bunbury, who allows Algernon to visit the country whenever he likes.
We learn that Jack is in love with Gwendolen Fairfax, who is Algernon’s cousin and coincidentally scheduled to visit that day. (Both Algernon and Gwendolen think that Jack’s name is Ernest.) Jack cuts a deal with Algernon; if Algernon can get Gwendolen’s mother, Lady Bracknell, out of the room, then Jack can propose to Gwendolen. In return, Jack will dine with Algernon tonight so that Algernon will avoid dining with his Aunt Augusta (a.k.a. Lady Bracknell).
The plan works. We learn that Gwendolen is smitten by the name, Ernest. She is just accepting Ernest’s proposal when Lady Bracknell re-enters the room, discovers them, and furiously sends Gwendolen down to the carriage. Lady Bracknell gives Ernest a chance to prove his worthiness by interviewing him. Once she decides that he is not fit for her daughter, she makes it clear that Gwendolen is not engaged to Ernest.
In a way, it is ironic that Lady Bracknell doesn't approve of the engagement to Ernest. Ernest is rich, has a good reputation around town, and seems to be perfectly suitable for Gwendolen. Except for one thing: he’s an orphan, abandoned at birth for unknown reasons, and found in a handbag at Victoria train station. This doesn’t fly with Lady Bracknell, who tells him to find his parents ASAP and then dismisses him. Furious, Jack and Algernon concoct a scheme for getting rid of Ernest. They decide that he’ll die in Paris of a severe chill.
In the meantime, Gwendolen has found an opportunity to slip back into the room and confess her undying love for Ernest. Having heard her mother’s furious remarks, she’s fascinated about his mysterious background and asks for his country address. As Ernest gives it, Algernon discreetly copies it down and later announces to his servant that he’s going Bunburying tomorrow.
At Jack’s country estate, young Cecily does everything she can to avoid studying her German grammar. She lies to get her governess, Miss Prism, to take a break. Miss Prism allows this only because she’s distracted by Dr. Chasuble, the local reverend. Just as Miss Prism leaves, the arrival of Ernest Worthing is announced. It turns out to be Algernon. Algernon and Cecily flirt outrageously. Cecily reveals that she's been fantasizing about Earnest for quite some time, and has even imagined that she's engaged to him. She invites him in for dinner.
At that moment, Miss Prism and Dr. Chasuble return from their walk, only to meet Jack dressed in black mourning clothes. He’s come home early to announce that his brother, Ernest, has died tragically in Paris, of a severe chill.
Right on cue, Cecily comes out to tell her Uncle Jack that Ernest has come to visit. When Jack sees it’s Algernon, he is furious and arranges for Ernest to leave via the dog-cart. When the cart comes, Algernon promptly sends it away. Cecily pays Algernon a visit and they engage in more flirtation, where we learn that Cecily is obsessed with the name, "Ernest."
When Algernon leaves (to arrange a baptism), Gwendolen arrives. Cecily entertains her. When each lady learns that the other is supposedly engaged to Ernest Worthing, they immediately start fighting. Luckily, both Jack and Algernon show up in time to clear up any doubt. Their true identities are revealed, as well as the fact that there is no Ernest. The women, realizing they’ve been tricked, suddenly become as close as sisters and go up to the house arm-in-arm, turning their backs on the men. Meanwhile, the men take out their frustration on the remaining tea items, fighting over the muffins, while they figure out what to do.
Eventually, they enter the house, and confess to the women. The Ernest business, they say, was done only so that they could see their beloved ladies as often as possible. The women forgive them. But their joy is interrupted by the arrival of Lady Bracknell. She has come to bring Gwendolen home. When she sees Cecily holding Algernon’s hand, she gives her an icy glare, but politely asks Jack how big this girl’s inheritance is. When she finds out that the girl is extremely wealthy, Lady Bracknell’s attitude toward Cecily changes and she gives consent for her and Algernon to marry. But Jack, as Cecily’s guardian, refuses to give his consent unless Lady Bracknell allows him to marry Gwendolen. Lady Bracknell wants nothing to do with it.
Dr. Chasuble shows up to tell Jack and Algernon that everything is ready for their baptisms and happens to mention Miss Prism. Lady Bracknell’s ears prick up at the name. Miss Prism is brought before her and shamefacedly confesses the truth: she was once Lady Bracknell’s servant and was in charge of a certain child. One day, she took the baby out in his stroller for a walk and brought along some leisure reading– a three-volume novel that she had written – and kept in a handbag. Distracted, she switched the two – putting the novel in the stroller and the baby into the hand bag. She dropped the handbag off at Victoria train station.
At this discovery, Jack freaks out and runs upstairs to find something. When he comes back down, he’s holding the handbag (remember, Jack is an orphan who was found in a handbag). Jack mistakenly thinks Miss Prism is his mother, but is corrected by Lady Bracknell, who tells him that a Mrs. Moncrieff is his mother. That makes Jack Algernon’s older brother.
Then, they all wonder what Jack's real name is. Remember, Gwendolen will only love him if his name is Ernest. Lady Bracknell tells Jack he was named after his father, but nobody can remember what the General’s name was. Jack looks up "Moncrieff" in his book of Army Lists. The results? His father’s name was Ernest. So he’s been telling the truth all along. His name really is Ernest. And now he can marry Gwendolen. There’s general rejoicing. Gwendolen hugs Ernest. Cecily hugs Algernon. Miss Prism hugs Dr. Chasuble. And Ernest closes the play by insisting that he’s now learned the "importance of being earnest."
Cecily, we learn, is a bit too interested in Ernest for her own good. Whenever Jack feels like it, he visits London on the pretense that he’s cleaning up Ernest’s messes. After all, as the older brother he must be responsible for getting his younger brother out of trouble. Instead, Jack takes on the name Ernest and goes partying around town. Algernon is amused by this discovery and reveals that he has a similar nonexistent friend. Algernon's friend is a perpetual invalid named Bunbury, who allows Algernon to visit the country whenever he likes.
We learn that Jack is in love with Gwendolen Fairfax, who is Algernon’s cousin and coincidentally scheduled to visit that day. (Both Algernon and Gwendolen think that Jack’s name is Ernest.) Jack cuts a deal with Algernon; if Algernon can get Gwendolen’s mother, Lady Bracknell, out of the room, then Jack can propose to Gwendolen. In return, Jack will dine with Algernon tonight so that Algernon will avoid dining with his Aunt Augusta (a.k.a. Lady Bracknell).
The plan works. We learn that Gwendolen is smitten by the name, Ernest. She is just accepting Ernest’s proposal when Lady Bracknell re-enters the room, discovers them, and furiously sends Gwendolen down to the carriage. Lady Bracknell gives Ernest a chance to prove his worthiness by interviewing him. Once she decides that he is not fit for her daughter, she makes it clear that Gwendolen is not engaged to Ernest.
In a way, it is ironic that Lady Bracknell doesn't approve of the engagement to Ernest. Ernest is rich, has a good reputation around town, and seems to be perfectly suitable for Gwendolen. Except for one thing: he’s an orphan, abandoned at birth for unknown reasons, and found in a handbag at Victoria train station. This doesn’t fly with Lady Bracknell, who tells him to find his parents ASAP and then dismisses him. Furious, Jack and Algernon concoct a scheme for getting rid of Ernest. They decide that he’ll die in Paris of a severe chill.
In the meantime, Gwendolen has found an opportunity to slip back into the room and confess her undying love for Ernest. Having heard her mother’s furious remarks, she’s fascinated about his mysterious background and asks for his country address. As Ernest gives it, Algernon discreetly copies it down and later announces to his servant that he’s going Bunburying tomorrow.
At Jack’s country estate, young Cecily does everything she can to avoid studying her German grammar. She lies to get her governess, Miss Prism, to take a break. Miss Prism allows this only because she’s distracted by Dr. Chasuble, the local reverend. Just as Miss Prism leaves, the arrival of Ernest Worthing is announced. It turns out to be Algernon. Algernon and Cecily flirt outrageously. Cecily reveals that she's been fantasizing about Earnest for quite some time, and has even imagined that she's engaged to him. She invites him in for dinner.
At that moment, Miss Prism and Dr. Chasuble return from their walk, only to meet Jack dressed in black mourning clothes. He’s come home early to announce that his brother, Ernest, has died tragically in Paris, of a severe chill.
Right on cue, Cecily comes out to tell her Uncle Jack that Ernest has come to visit. When Jack sees it’s Algernon, he is furious and arranges for Ernest to leave via the dog-cart. When the cart comes, Algernon promptly sends it away. Cecily pays Algernon a visit and they engage in more flirtation, where we learn that Cecily is obsessed with the name, "Ernest."
When Algernon leaves (to arrange a baptism), Gwendolen arrives. Cecily entertains her. When each lady learns that the other is supposedly engaged to Ernest Worthing, they immediately start fighting. Luckily, both Jack and Algernon show up in time to clear up any doubt. Their true identities are revealed, as well as the fact that there is no Ernest. The women, realizing they’ve been tricked, suddenly become as close as sisters and go up to the house arm-in-arm, turning their backs on the men. Meanwhile, the men take out their frustration on the remaining tea items, fighting over the muffins, while they figure out what to do.
Eventually, they enter the house, and confess to the women. The Ernest business, they say, was done only so that they could see their beloved ladies as often as possible. The women forgive them. But their joy is interrupted by the arrival of Lady Bracknell. She has come to bring Gwendolen home. When she sees Cecily holding Algernon’s hand, she gives her an icy glare, but politely asks Jack how big this girl’s inheritance is. When she finds out that the girl is extremely wealthy, Lady Bracknell’s attitude toward Cecily changes and she gives consent for her and Algernon to marry. But Jack, as Cecily’s guardian, refuses to give his consent unless Lady Bracknell allows him to marry Gwendolen. Lady Bracknell wants nothing to do with it.
Dr. Chasuble shows up to tell Jack and Algernon that everything is ready for their baptisms and happens to mention Miss Prism. Lady Bracknell’s ears prick up at the name. Miss Prism is brought before her and shamefacedly confesses the truth: she was once Lady Bracknell’s servant and was in charge of a certain child. One day, she took the baby out in his stroller for a walk and brought along some leisure reading– a three-volume novel that she had written – and kept in a handbag. Distracted, she switched the two – putting the novel in the stroller and the baby into the hand bag. She dropped the handbag off at Victoria train station.
At this discovery, Jack freaks out and runs upstairs to find something. When he comes back down, he’s holding the handbag (remember, Jack is an orphan who was found in a handbag). Jack mistakenly thinks Miss Prism is his mother, but is corrected by Lady Bracknell, who tells him that a Mrs. Moncrieff is his mother. That makes Jack Algernon’s older brother.
Then, they all wonder what Jack's real name is. Remember, Gwendolen will only love him if his name is Ernest. Lady Bracknell tells Jack he was named after his father, but nobody can remember what the General’s name was. Jack looks up "Moncrieff" in his book of Army Lists. The results? His father’s name was Ernest. So he’s been telling the truth all along. His name really is Ernest. And now he can marry Gwendolen. There’s general rejoicing. Gwendolen hugs Ernest. Cecily hugs Algernon. Miss Prism hugs Dr. Chasuble. And Ernest closes the play by insisting that he’s now learned the "importance of being earnest."
Mrs Dalloway Summary
How It All Goes Down
Mrs Dalloway is not your typical day-in-the-life story,
but it is a day-in-the-life story – a revolutionary one at that. It covers one
day for Clarissa Dalloway (with some other central characters, too) as she
prepares for a big party that will take place that evening.
As the novel begins, Clarissa strolls through Westminster, her
neighborhood in London, on her way to a flower shop. Along the way, a few big things go
down: she runs into an old friend named Hugh Whitbread, an explosion comes from
a diplomatic car on its way to Buckingham Palace, and an "aeroplane"
does a little skywriting. (Wow, that’s way more than what typically happens to
us on the way to get flowers.)
When she gets back from her errand, an old friend and former
suitor, Peter Walsh, shows up unexpectedly. They’re happy to see each other,
but there’s still some tension. Peter is clearly still in love with Clarissa,
and she feels like he judges her for the decisions she’s made – among them
marrying the conservative but loyal Richard Dalloway (instead of him). Numerous
flashbacks – including one of Clarissa's kiss with a girl named Sally – fill in
the story as it happened years ago at her family’s country home, Bourton.
Feeling desperate over his own unfulfilling life, Peter gets weepy and asks
Clarissa if she really loves Richard. Before she can answer, Elizabeth (her
daughter) interrupts, and Peter heads out to Regent's Park.
We then move to the perspective of Septimus Warren Smith, a
shell-shocked World War I veteran who saw Evans, his friend and officer, killed
in war. Septimus' wife, Lucrezia, is trying to distract him as they wait for an
appointment with Sir William Bradshaw, a mean old psychiatrist.
The third person omniscient narrator takes us back to Septimus’
life before the war: he was an aspiring poet, read Shakespeare, and loved Miss
Isabel Pole. After the war and Evans' death, Septimus becomes emotionally numb
– he can't feel anything. On a total whim, he becomes engaged to Lucrezia,
whose home he’s staying at in Milan, Italy. Back in the present day, Septimus
is driven deeper into madness, including some crazy hallucinations. Lucrezia is
also miserable, homesick for Italy, and tired of taking her husband to various
soulless doctors. Whereas Dr Holmes thinks Septimus is just "in a
funk," Dr Bradshaw diagnoses that he "lacks Proportion." Neither
acknowledges the fact that the war has impacted Septimus (which seems pretty
obvious to us).
While Clarissa rests and prepares for the party, Richard has lunch
with the impressively rich and British upper crust Lady Bruton. After lunch,
Richard wants to go home and tell Clarissa he loves her, but he cops out and
just gives her flowers instead. Clarissa actually cherishes the independence
she has in her marriage, knowing that she could never have that with Peter. In
the meantime, Clarissa’s daughter goes off shopping with her friend Miss
Kilman, whom Mrs Dalloway hates. And by hates, we mean despises, loathes, and
absolutely cannot stand.
Meanwhile, Septimus and Lucrezia wait at their apartment for Sir
William Bradshaw, who is coming to take Septimus to a psychiatric home. The
couple shares a rare moment of joy, but before Bradshaw enters the apartment,
Septimus throws himself out the window and is impaled on the fence outside. He
would rather die than have the doctor steal his soul. Yikes.
When Clarissa’s party begins, she circulates, making sure to pay
attention to every guest – especially the prime minister (um, yeah, we’d do the
same). Peter and Sally patiently await some attention from Clarissa as they
talk about their memories of Bourton. A late arrival, Sir William Bradshaw,
shows up with his wife, who announces that Septimus has killed himself.
Clarissa is annoyed that Lady Bradshaw mentioned death at her party, but she is
envious of Septimus’ ability to embrace the moment. Finally, she returns to the
party and her appearance fills Peter’s heart with joy.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Summary
How It All Goes Down
When we meet our narrator Huck Finn, he's in Missouri getting
"sivilized" ("civilized") by two sisters, an unnamed widow
and a woman named Miss Watson. See, Huck Finn came into a bit of money at the
end of Tom Sawyer, and now he's supposed to stop being a street
urchin and start learning to be a gentleman. But it's hard out there for a
street urchin, and he spends most of his time avoiding baths and teaming up
with Tom to punk innocent bystanders—like Miss Watson's slave Jim.
When Huck's spidey sense starts a'tingling, he signs over all his
money to Judge Thatcher. Just in time: Huck's deadbeat dad shows up and demands
the money. Huck's all, "too bad you didn't get here yesterday,
dad," and then dad effectively kidnaps Huck and takes him off to live in
filthy poverty in a van
down by the river. (Only without the "van" part.)
Well, Huck isn't too cool with this, so he (naturally) fakes his
own death and hides out on a nearby island, where he meets another runaway: the
slave Jim, who's hiding out to avoid being sold down South and separated from
his family. After running across a dead body, which Huck doesn't see, they
decide to team up and then start out on what just might be the first American
road movie, only via the Mississippi River rather than I-90.
Cue a series of wacky hijinks/ life-threatening situations, like:
- Huck
pretending to be a girl to get some info
- Accidentally
ending up on a wrecked steamship full of thieves
- Being
separated after a near-drowning
- Huck
being taken in by the wealthy Grangerfords, who are embroiled in a deathly
feud with another family
- Joining
up with some theater con artists who scam whole townfuls of people
- Pretending
to be Tom Sawyer
Meanwhile, Huck keeps wrestling with his conscience: is he helping
an innocent man escape slavery, or is he just stealing Miss Watson's property?
He decides that helping Jim escape is the right thing to do—even if he goes to
"hell" for it—but, unfortunately for Jim, it's not up to Huck. Jim is
recaptured, and things quickly go south. Pun intended.
Eventually, Tom shows up and teams with Huck to help Jim escape a
hut where he's being held captive. Their elaborate plan goes awry. Tom is shot,
and Huck falls asleep while waiting for a doctor. When he wakes up, the
situation is out of his hands. Jim is about to be executed, when Tom announces
that (1) Jim saved his live, and (2) Miss Watson actually freed Jim in her will
when she died two months ago. Hooray!
And to wrap things up just a little more neatly, it turns out that
the dead guy from the island was Huck's dad, so that loose plot point is all
tied up; plus, Huck still has all the money he found at the end of Tom
Sawyer. Time to stick around and get a little of that civilizing he keeps
talking about?
Not quite. Instead, Huck heads out west, ready for more adventures.
The Merchant of Venice Summary
How It All Goes Down
The Merchant of Venice opens on a street in Venice, where
Antonio, a Venetian merchant, complains of a sadness he can't quite explain.
His friends suggest they'd be sad too if they had as much merchandise to worry
about as Antonio. Apparently all of his money is tied up in various sea
ventures to exotic locales. But Antonio is certain it's not money that's
bothering him.
Antonio's friend Bassanio enters the scene, and we learn that
Bassanio has been at the forefront of Antonio's mind. Apparently Bassanio just
got back from a secret trip to see an heiress named Portia in Belmont. Bassanio
financed his trip (and in fact, his entire lifestyle) by borrowing tons of
money from Antonio. Portia is beautiful, intelligent, and, most important,
rich. If Bassanio could only get together the appearance of some wealth, he
would be in a good position to compete with all the other guys vying for
Portia's attention. If they marry, he's all set financially. Antonio would be
happy to lend Bassanio the money he needs to woo Portia, except, as we know,
all of Antonio's money is at sea. The two friends part ways, agreeing that
they'll try to raise the funds on Antonio's credit around town.
Meanwhile, even rich heiresses have their troubles. Portia is
plagued by suitors from the four corners of the earth but isn't allowed to
choose the one she wants. Instead, her father, before his death, devised an
unusual test. Three caskets – one gold, one silver, and one lead – are laid out
before each suitor, and whoever picks the right one gets the girl. Portia
complains about all of the important men who come to see her, as there's
something wrong with each of them.
As Portia is trying to figure out how to avoid marrying, Bassanio
is trying to figure out how to marry her. He negotiates with the Jewish
moneylender, Shylock, asking for 3,000 gold coins (ducats). Bassanio borrows
the money on his friend Antonio's credit. Trouble is, Antonio is an anti-Semite
(he is prejudiced against Jewish people) and is offensive to Shylock whenever
he has the chance. Slyly, Shylock says he'll try out Antonio's method of
business by lending him the money interest-free. BUT, this is on the condition
that Antonio signs a bond promising that if the debt goes unpaid, Antonio will
give Shylock a pound of his own flesh. This seems like a good idea at the time,
as Antonio is sure he'll have earned the money from his ships before Shylock's
due date.
Before we have time to think about what a crazy idea it is to
promise anyone a pound of your flesh, we're back at Belmont learning the rules
of the casket game. Choose wrong, and not only do you fail to get Portia, but
you cannot marry anyone for the rest of your life. We see suitors fail when
they choose the wrong caskets.
Meanwhile, Jessica (Shylock's only child) tells us that living in
Shylock's house is pure hell and that she's ashamed to be his daughter. She has
decided to elope with Lorenzo and convert to Christianity. Jessica gets her
chance to carry out her rebellious scheme when her dad leaves the house to go
to have dinner. As soon as he is out the door, Jessica steals off with her
lover, Lorenzo, and helps herself to a chunk of Dad's cash.
Bassanio and some of his pals set off for Belmont in hopes that
Bassanio will snag the beautiful and rich Portia.
We also learn from some gossipy cats in Venice that Shylock was
livid when he learned his daughter ran away, screaming "'My daughter! O my
ducats! O my daughter! / Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats!"
(2.8.2). This is good news for Antonio, who hates Shylock. But Antonio doesn't
stay happy for long, as he is too busy recovering from the fact that Bassanio
has gone off to woo Portia.
Back in gossipy Venice, we hear that Antonio's ships have been
sinking left and right. Shylock shows up, still mad about his daughter's
rebellion, but he's excited to hear that he'll get to take a pound of flesh
from his enemy Antonio. He explains to the gossipy men that he hates Antonio
because Antonio hates him for being Jewish. Shylock then gives a beautiful
speech in defense of the humanity of Jews, including the well-known lines,
"if you prick us, do we not bleed?" He concludes that a Jew is not
unlike a Christian, and a Christian in this situation would seek revenge. Therefore,
he will do the same, because the Christians have taught him hatred with their
cruelty. Shylock is further angered to hear reports that his daughter is off
lavishly spending his money, so he sets up arrangements to have Antonio jailed,
cut, and killed.
Back in Belmont, Portia is batting off the men. But she is truly
excited by Bassanio. Bassanio impressively chooses the lead casket (correct)
and wins Portia and her wealth. Portia is falling all over herself with love
for Bassanio when Lorenzo and Jessica arrive with news that Antonio is about to
die at Shylock's command. Portia offers to pay off Antonio's debt, and she and
Bassanio have a quick (as in shotgun-quick) wedding before she
sends Bassanio back to Venice with 20 times the debt owed to Shylock. Portia
gives Bassanio a ring and makes him promise never to take it off, which we're
sure is going to be significant sometime soon.
Meanwhile, Portia has hatched a plan to cross-dress and pose as a
lawyer to argue Antonio's defense at his trial. She tells Lorenzo to look after
her house, disguises herself and Nerissa as men, and sets off for Venice in a
hurry. Also, Graziano randomly marries Nerissa.
The scene moves to the court in Venice. Everyone has tried to
plead with Shylock, but he won't hear reason. He wants justice, and that means
having a pound of Antonio's flesh, as promised. It seems there's no hope until
a young, effeminate-looking man shows up who happens to be a learned lawyer. He
is called Balthazar (a.k.a. Portia).
Portia (as Balthazar) then begins to argue that Shylock should
have mercy on Antonio, as mercy is a higher order good than justice. Shylock
says he doesn't need mercy, he's fine with just justice, thank you very much.
There's no way anyone can get around it – Antonio signed the bond, the Duke
won't bend the rules, and Shylock won't relent. Antonio doesn't care if he
dies. Bassanio says he wishes he could trade his wife and his life for
Antonio's, which does not please his wife, but she doesn't say anything because
she's disguised in drag.
Portia (as Balthazar) gets Antonio ready to go under the knife,
but she stops just short as Shylock is sharpening his knife. She says the bond
entitles Shylock to a pound of flesh, but if he spills a drop of Christian
blood, then he'll be guilty of plotting to murder a Venetian Christian, the
penalty for which is losing everything he has. Shylock says something like,
"Fine, just give me the three-times-the-debt cash you offered me earlier,"
and Portia replies, "Actually, that offer's not on the table
anymore." Then he says, "OK, just give me the 3,000 back," and
she returns, "Actually, that's not on the table either."
The slippery downward slope continues until Shylock declares that,
fine, he'll just leave, and Portia stops him and says since he conspired to
kill a Venetian he actually has to forfeit everything he owns. And beg for his
life.
Finally holding the upper hand, Antonio decides that as
punishment, Shylock has to sign an agreement saying that when he dies, all his
money will go to Jessica and her new Christian husband. Also, Shylock must
convert to Christianity. Shylock leaves a broken man.
Portia grabs Nerissa and tries to get home before the men return
and find out their wives were the ones in court that day. Antonio and Bassanio
try to get Balthazar to accept a gift before he goes, and though Portia (as
Balthazar) tries to refuse it, the men press her. She asks for Bassanio's ring
(which is really her ring, symbolizing their marriage trust). Bassanio refuses
to give it to her, but then Antonio suggests he's whipped and foolish, so
Bassanio caves in and gives Balthazar the ring at the last minute.
Finally everyone gets home to Belmont; the women have narrowly
arrived before the men. Nerissa launches into a fight with Graziano about the
missing ring (as it turns out, she too gave a ring symbolizing marital
fidelity), accusing him of giving it to a woman. Portia then lights into
Bassanio for the same thing. Portia complains about the men breaking faith for
this lawyer guy, and she pledges to sleep with this learned man too, breaking
her marriage vows like Bassanio did by giving up her ring.
Antonio has come home to Belmont with them and he feels
responsible for the fights. To make up for it he promises his soul as a
guarantee that Bassanio will be faithful to Portia. Portia accepts the offer of
Antonio's soul and she gives him a ring to give to Bassanio. Turns out it's the
original ring. Portia explains that she and Nerissa were the young lawyer and
the clerk who rescued Antonio from Shylock. Also, she's got a letter that says
some of Antonio's ships have come home with cash after all. The play ends with
happiness for most of the characters in the play – all except Shylock.
The Great Gatsby Summary
How It All Goes Down
Our narrator, Nick Carraway, begins the book by giving us some
advice of his father's about not criticizing others. (But—but what if they're
lying, possibly sociopathic murderers?) And now it's time to meet our cast of
characters: Nick's second
cousin once removed Daisy Buchanan; her large and aggressive husband, Tom
Buchanan; and Jordan Baker. Jordan's a girl, and she quickly becomes a romantic
interest for our narrator. Probably because she's the only girl around who
isn't his cousin.
While the Buchanans live on the fashionable East Egg (we're talking Long Island, NY in the
1920's, by the way), Nick lives on the less-elite but not-too-shabby West Egg,
which sits across the bay from its twin town. We (and Nick) are soon fascinated
by a certain Mr. Jay Gatsby, a wealthy and mysterious man who owns a huge
mansion next door to Nick and spends a good chunk of his evenings standing on
his lawn and looking at an equally mysterious green light across the bay.
Ookay.
Tom takes Nick to the city to show off his mistress, a woman named
Myrtle Wilson who is, of course, married. Myrtle's husband, George, is a
passive, working class man who owns an auto garage and is oblivious to his
wife's extramarital activities. Nick, who has some good old-fashioned values
from his childhood growing up in the "Middle West," is none too
impressed by Tom.
Back on West Egg, this Gatsby fellow has been throwing absolutely
killer parties, where everyone and his mother can come and get wasted and try
to figure out how Gatsby got so rich. Nick meets and warily befriends the
mystery man at one of his huge Saturday night affairs. He also begins spending
time with Jordan, who turns out to be loveable in all her cynical practicality.
Moving along, Gatsby introduces Nick to his "business
partner," Meyer Wolfsheim. Hm. This is starting to sound fishy. Next,
Gatsby reveals to Nick (via Jordan, in the middle school phone-tag kind of way)
that he and Daisy had a love thing before he went away to the war and she
married Tom, after a serious episode of cold feet that involved whisky and a
bath tub. Gatsby wants Daisy back, and he enlists Nick to help him stage an
"accidental" reuniting.
Nick executes the plan; Gatsby and Daisy are reunited and start an
affair. Everything continues swimmingly until Tom meets Gatsby, doesn't like
him, and begins investigating his affairs. Nick, meanwhile, knows all about it:
Gatsby grew up in a poor, uneducated family until he met the wealthy and
elderly Dan Cody, who took him in as a companion and taught him how to act
rich. But Dan isn't the one who left him the money.
The big scene goes down in the city, when Tom has it out with
Gatsby over who gets to be with Daisy; in short, Gatsby is outed as a
bootlegger and Daisy is unable to leave her husband. Everyone drives home,
probably in a really bad mood, and Tom's mistress, Myrtle, is struck and killed
by Gatsby's car (in which Gatsby and Daisy are riding). Gatsby tells Nick that
Daisy was driving, but that he's going to take the blame for it. Tom,
meanwhile, feeds Gatsby to the wolves—or at least the ticked-off husband—by
telling Myrtle's husband George where to find him. Bang-bang, and George Wilson
and Gatsby are both dead.
Daisy and Tom take off, leaving their mess behind. Nick, who by
now has had just about enough of these people, ends things off with Jordan in a
way that's about one step up from breaking up via text message. He arranges
Gatsby's funeral, which is very sparsely attended—although Gatsby's dad does
show up with some more info about his past. Standing on Gatsby's lawn and
looking at the green light (which, BTW, turned out to be the light in front of
Daisy's house across the bay), Nick concludes that nostalgia just ends up
forcing us constantly back into the past.
A Farewell to Arms Summary
How It All Goes Down
A Farewell to Arms is narrated by an American man driving ambulances for
the Red
Cross in
Italy during World
War I.
We don’t get his full name until Book Two of the novel. During Book One he’s
known as Mr. Henry, or "Tenente" (Lieutenant).
You’ll notice that Mr. Henry narrates his story in the past tense; the story is a memory of the events being described. You might find yourself wondering where he is now, what he’s doing, how old he was during the events he recounts, and how old he is when he recounts them. The novel never reveals this information, nor offers any concrete details which might allow us to figure it out, so we can only imagine and speculate. We don’t even know how many years have passed since the events occurred. (Some critics claim it’s been at least six years – see the "Character Analysis" for Count Greffi.)
The novel doesn’t even give us the years during which it occurs. Only by looking up World War I battles mentioned in the text and carefully examining other given information do we understand that it’s set between 1916 and 1918. So if you’re confused, don’t worry! It’s normal, and we are here to help. Now, on with the summary!
In Book One, Mr. Henry meets Catherine Barkley, an English V.A.D nurse in Gorizia, Italy, where the Red Cross hospital he works for is located. They briefly begin a romantic relationship, but when Mr. Henry is wounded during a battle, he’s sent to a hospital in Milan.
In Book Two, Mr. Henry arrives at the American hospital in Milan, and we soon learn that his first name is Frederic and his last name is Henry. Catherine arrives promptly, and when Frederic sees her, he realizes he loves her. They begin a beautiful love affair over the course of about three months, while Frederic recovers from his injury and drinks lots and lots.
When Catherine tells Frederic she’s three months pregnant, they plan to vacation for six weeks while he completes his convalescent leave. But when Miss Van Campen, the head of the hospital, gets fed up with his drinking and brash tone, she revokes his leave and Frederic is ordered back to Gorizia. On Frederic’s last night in Milan, he and Catherine get a hotel room together, and spend a few hours there, eating, drinking, and talking. Then Frederic catches the midnight train. Catherine and Frederic don’t know if they will ever see each other again.
In Book Three, Frederic goes back to Gorizia and becomes involved in the Italian retreat from Caporetto. The ambulances Frederic and his crew are driving get stuck in the mud, and they eventually have to abandon them. Two soldiers had been riding with Frederic and his crew, and when they refuse to help free the vehicles from the mud, Frederic shoots at them, killing one. According to information we received in Book Two, this is the first time Frederic has killed a man. When it looks like he must either escape or be killed, Frederic flees from the retreat, and deserts his post in the army.
In Book Four, Frederic goes back to Milan to look for Catherine. He learns she is in Stresa (a town in Italy). After borrowing some civilian clothes from a friend, he heads in that direction. Miraculously, he finds Catherine and they are reunited!
Catherine and Frederic spend a few days together happily. Then, in the middle of the night, they learn that Frederic will be arrested for desertion in the morning. They make a bold and daring escape, by rowboat, to nearby Switzerland. They manage to convince the Swiss authorities that they are in Switzerland for the "winter sport," and are allowed to live in Switzerland.
In Book Five, Frederic and Catherine rent a mountainside cottage and enjoy themselves until a month before the baby is due. Then they move to a hotel to be closer to the hospital. Catherine has an awful labor and undergoes a Cesarean operation. The baby is born dead, or dies shortly after its birth. Catherine dies soon after, of multiple hemorrhages. Frederic walks back to the hotel in the rain.
You’ll notice that Mr. Henry narrates his story in the past tense; the story is a memory of the events being described. You might find yourself wondering where he is now, what he’s doing, how old he was during the events he recounts, and how old he is when he recounts them. The novel never reveals this information, nor offers any concrete details which might allow us to figure it out, so we can only imagine and speculate. We don’t even know how many years have passed since the events occurred. (Some critics claim it’s been at least six years – see the "Character Analysis" for Count Greffi.)
The novel doesn’t even give us the years during which it occurs. Only by looking up World War I battles mentioned in the text and carefully examining other given information do we understand that it’s set between 1916 and 1918. So if you’re confused, don’t worry! It’s normal, and we are here to help. Now, on with the summary!
In Book One, Mr. Henry meets Catherine Barkley, an English V.A.D nurse in Gorizia, Italy, where the Red Cross hospital he works for is located. They briefly begin a romantic relationship, but when Mr. Henry is wounded during a battle, he’s sent to a hospital in Milan.
In Book Two, Mr. Henry arrives at the American hospital in Milan, and we soon learn that his first name is Frederic and his last name is Henry. Catherine arrives promptly, and when Frederic sees her, he realizes he loves her. They begin a beautiful love affair over the course of about three months, while Frederic recovers from his injury and drinks lots and lots.
When Catherine tells Frederic she’s three months pregnant, they plan to vacation for six weeks while he completes his convalescent leave. But when Miss Van Campen, the head of the hospital, gets fed up with his drinking and brash tone, she revokes his leave and Frederic is ordered back to Gorizia. On Frederic’s last night in Milan, he and Catherine get a hotel room together, and spend a few hours there, eating, drinking, and talking. Then Frederic catches the midnight train. Catherine and Frederic don’t know if they will ever see each other again.
In Book Three, Frederic goes back to Gorizia and becomes involved in the Italian retreat from Caporetto. The ambulances Frederic and his crew are driving get stuck in the mud, and they eventually have to abandon them. Two soldiers had been riding with Frederic and his crew, and when they refuse to help free the vehicles from the mud, Frederic shoots at them, killing one. According to information we received in Book Two, this is the first time Frederic has killed a man. When it looks like he must either escape or be killed, Frederic flees from the retreat, and deserts his post in the army.
In Book Four, Frederic goes back to Milan to look for Catherine. He learns she is in Stresa (a town in Italy). After borrowing some civilian clothes from a friend, he heads in that direction. Miraculously, he finds Catherine and they are reunited!
Catherine and Frederic spend a few days together happily. Then, in the middle of the night, they learn that Frederic will be arrested for desertion in the morning. They make a bold and daring escape, by rowboat, to nearby Switzerland. They manage to convince the Swiss authorities that they are in Switzerland for the "winter sport," and are allowed to live in Switzerland.
In Book Five, Frederic and Catherine rent a mountainside cottage and enjoy themselves until a month before the baby is due. Then they move to a hotel to be closer to the hospital. Catherine has an awful labor and undergoes a Cesarean operation. The baby is born dead, or dies shortly after its birth. Catherine dies soon after, of multiple hemorrhages. Frederic walks back to the hotel in the rain.
Moby-Dick Summary
How It All Goes Down
Our intrepid narrator, a former schoolteacher famously called
Ishmael, signs up as sailor on a whaling voyage to cure a bout of depression.
On his way to find a ship in Nantucket, he meets Queequeg, a heavily tattooed
South Sea Island harpooneer just returned from his latest whaling trip. Ishmael
and Queequeg become best buds and roommates almost immediately. Together, they
sign up for a voyage on thePequod, which is just about to start on a
three-year expedition to huntsperm whales.
On board the Pequod, Ishmael meets the mates − honest Starbuck, jolly Stubb, and fierce Flask − and the other harpooneers, Tashtego and Daggoo. The ship’s commander, Captain Ahab, remains secluded in his cabin and never shows himself to the crew. The mates organize the beginning of the voyage as though there were no captain.
Just when Ishmael’s curiosity about Ahab has reached a fever pitch, Ahab starts appearing on deck – and we find out that he’s missing one leg. When Starbuck asks if it was Moby Dick, the famous White Whale, that took off his leg, Ahab admits that it was and forces the entire crew to swear that they will help him hunt Moby Dick to the ends of the earth and take revenge for his injury. They all swear.
After this strange incident, things settle into a routine on board the good ship Pequod. While they’re always on the lookout for Moby Dick, the crew has a job to do: hunting sperm whales, butchering them, and harvesting the sperm oil that they store in huge barrels in the hold.
Ishmael takes advantage of this lull in plot advancement to give the reader lots of contemporary background information about whale biology, the whaling industry, and sea voyages. The Pequodencounters other ships, which tell them the latest news about the White Whale. Oh yeah, and everyone discovers that Ahab has secretly smuggled an extra boat crew on board (led by a mysterious, demonic harpooneer named Fedallah) to help Ahab do battle with Moby Dick once they do find him.
Over the course of more than a year, the ship travels across the Atlantic, around the southern tip of Africa, through the Indian Ocean, among the islands of southeast Asia, into the Sea of Japan, and finally to the equator in the Pacific Ocean – Moby Dick’s home turf.
Despite first mate Starbuck’s misgivings and a variety of bad omens (e.g., all the navigational instruments break, a typhoon tries to push the ship backwards, and the Pequod encounters other ships that have lost crewmembers to Moby Dick’s wrath), Ahab insists on continuing to pursue his single-minded revenge quest. In a parody of the Christian ceremony of baptism, he goes so far as to dip his specially forged harpoon in human blood– just so that he’ll have the perfect weapon with which to kill Moby Dick.
Finally, just when we think the novel’s going to end without ever seeing this famous White Whale, Ahab sights him and the chase is on. For three days, Ahab pursues Moby Dick, sending whaling boat after whaling boat after him – only to see each one wrecked by the indomitable whale. Finally, at the end of the third day, the White Whale attacks the ship itself, and the Pequod goes down with all hands.
Even while his ship is sinking, Ahab, in his whaling boat, throws his harpoon at Moby Dick one last time. He misses, catching himself around the neck with the rope and causing his own drowning/strangling death.
The only survivor of the destruction is Ishmael, who lives to tell the tale because he’s clinging to the coffin built for his pal Queequeg when the harpooneer seemed likely to die of a fever.
On board the Pequod, Ishmael meets the mates − honest Starbuck, jolly Stubb, and fierce Flask − and the other harpooneers, Tashtego and Daggoo. The ship’s commander, Captain Ahab, remains secluded in his cabin and never shows himself to the crew. The mates organize the beginning of the voyage as though there were no captain.
Just when Ishmael’s curiosity about Ahab has reached a fever pitch, Ahab starts appearing on deck – and we find out that he’s missing one leg. When Starbuck asks if it was Moby Dick, the famous White Whale, that took off his leg, Ahab admits that it was and forces the entire crew to swear that they will help him hunt Moby Dick to the ends of the earth and take revenge for his injury. They all swear.
After this strange incident, things settle into a routine on board the good ship Pequod. While they’re always on the lookout for Moby Dick, the crew has a job to do: hunting sperm whales, butchering them, and harvesting the sperm oil that they store in huge barrels in the hold.
Ishmael takes advantage of this lull in plot advancement to give the reader lots of contemporary background information about whale biology, the whaling industry, and sea voyages. The Pequodencounters other ships, which tell them the latest news about the White Whale. Oh yeah, and everyone discovers that Ahab has secretly smuggled an extra boat crew on board (led by a mysterious, demonic harpooneer named Fedallah) to help Ahab do battle with Moby Dick once they do find him.
Over the course of more than a year, the ship travels across the Atlantic, around the southern tip of Africa, through the Indian Ocean, among the islands of southeast Asia, into the Sea of Japan, and finally to the equator in the Pacific Ocean – Moby Dick’s home turf.
Despite first mate Starbuck’s misgivings and a variety of bad omens (e.g., all the navigational instruments break, a typhoon tries to push the ship backwards, and the Pequod encounters other ships that have lost crewmembers to Moby Dick’s wrath), Ahab insists on continuing to pursue his single-minded revenge quest. In a parody of the Christian ceremony of baptism, he goes so far as to dip his specially forged harpoon in human blood– just so that he’ll have the perfect weapon with which to kill Moby Dick.
Finally, just when we think the novel’s going to end without ever seeing this famous White Whale, Ahab sights him and the chase is on. For three days, Ahab pursues Moby Dick, sending whaling boat after whaling boat after him – only to see each one wrecked by the indomitable whale. Finally, at the end of the third day, the White Whale attacks the ship itself, and the Pequod goes down with all hands.
Even while his ship is sinking, Ahab, in his whaling boat, throws his harpoon at Moby Dick one last time. He misses, catching himself around the neck with the rope and causing his own drowning/strangling death.
The only survivor of the destruction is Ishmael, who lives to tell the tale because he’s clinging to the coffin built for his pal Queequeg when the harpooneer seemed likely to die of a fever.
Pride and Prejudice Summary
How It All Goes Down
Mrs. Bennet has five daughters and a big problem: none of them are
married, there isn't much fortune to go around, and—thanks to a quirk of
English property law—they'll all be kicked out of their house when Mr. Bennet
dies. Enter Mr. Bingley, a rich, single man who moves into their neighborhood
and takes a liking to the eldest Miss Bennet, Jane.
But don't save the date quite yet: Mr. Bingley might be easygoing
and pleasant, but his sisters are catty snobs and his controlling friend Mr.
Darcy isn't about to let Mr. Bingley marry beneath him. When they all meet up
at a local ball, Mr. Darcy lets everyone around him know just how dumb and
boring he finds the whole thing—including our new BFF and protagonist, the
second Bennet daughter, Elizabeth.
It's clear to everyone that Mr. Bingley is falling in love with
Jane, but Jane keeps her feelings on the down low, against the advice of
Lizzy's good friend Charlotte Lucas. And, surprising no one, Mr. Darcy finds
himself strangely attracted to Lizzy. The two get even more opportunities to
snip at each other when Lizzy goes to Mr. Bingley's house to nurse her sister,
who's gotten sick on a wet horseback ride over for dinner.
And now it's time to meet Bachelor #3: Mr. Collins. As Mr.
Bennet's closest male relative, Mr. Collins will inherit the estate after Mr.
Bennet's death. Mr. Collins has decided that the nice thing to do is to marry one
of the Bennet girls in order to preserve their home. Unfortunately, he's a
complete fool and Lizzy hates him on sight. Also unfortunately, he sets his
sights on her.
As for the two youngest Bennet sisters, the militia has arrived in
town and they're ready to throw themselves at any military officers who wander
their way—like Mr. Wickham, who rapidly befriends Elizabeth and tells her a sob
story about how Mr. Darcy totally ruined his life, which Elizabeth is happy to
believe. Oh, and Mr. Collins's boss, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, just so happens
to be Mr. Darcy's aunt. Small world!
Not too long after this, all the Bennet girls (including middle
sister Mary, who's too wrapped up in books to notice boys) head to a ball at
Netherfield (a.k.a. Mr. Bingley's mansion). It's kind of awful. Darcy, of all
people, asks Elizabeth to dance, and Lizzy's entire family is unbearably
embarrassing—like her mom loudly announcing that they all expect Bingley to
marry Jane.
But it gets worse when Mr. Collins proposes the
next morning. Elizabeth refuses, obviously, but hold your pity: Charlotte Lucas
shows up to "help out," by which we mean "get Collins to propose
to her instead." It works, which is good news for the 27-year-old
Charlotte, who's too poor and plain to expect anything better; but bad news for
Elizabeth, who can't believe that her friend would actually marry the guy—even
when Charlotte explains that she's really out of options, here.
And then more bad news arrives: Jane gets a letter from Miss
Bingley basically breaking up with her on her brother's behalf. Jane is super
bummed, and she goes to stay with her aunt and uncle in London to get over it
(and just maybe see Bingley, who's off to the big city). Elizabeth travels too:
she's off to visit the newly married Charlotte, who seems to be holding up
well. One problem: Mr. Darcy is on his way to visit his aunt, who's also, you
might remember, Mr. Collins's boss.
Darcy almost acts like he's glad to see Lizzy, and even comes to
visit her at Charlotte's house, but Lizzy is not having it: she learns from Mr.
Darcy's friend that Bingley was going to propose to Jane until Darcy
intervened. And that's exactly the moment Darcy chooses to propose. Can you
guess how it goes?
Not well. During the proposal, mixed in with Darcy's "I love
you" are some "I am so superior to you" comments, which, not
surprisingly, don't go over so well. Elizabeth has some choice things to say to
him, and the next day he hands her a letter with the full story about Wickham
(he's a liar, a gambler, and he tried to elope with Darcy's underage sister)
and Jane (Darcy was convinced Jane was just a gold-digger). Cue emotional
transformation.
When Lizzy gets him, she finds that Lydia, the youngest of the
Bennet girls, has been invited to follow the officers to their next station in
Brighton. Elizabeth thinks this is a Very Bad Idea, but Mr. Bennet overrules
her. Big mistake, as we'll find out soon.
But first, it's time for Elizabeth to accompany her aunt and uncle
on a trip to Derbyshire, which, incidentally, is where Mr. Darcy lives. Uh-oh!
Oh, but he's out of town. Phew. They visit his estate (Pemberley) as
tourists—you can do that kind of thing in England—and Lizzy is impressed.
Darcy's housekeeper also has nothing but compliments for her master. Weird,
right? It gets weirder when they run into Darcy who's home early, and he's
actually polite and friendly.
Before we can start practicing our wedding toasts, disaster
strikes: Elizabeth learns that Lydia has run off with Wickham. This scandal
could ruin the family, so Elizabeth's uncle and father try to track the
renegade couple down. Elizabeth's uncle saves the day and brings the two young
'uns back as a properly married (and unapologetic) couple. When Lydia lets slip
that Darcy was at her wedding, Elizabeth realizes that there's more to the
story and writes to her aunt for more information.
Here's the full story: Darcy saved the Bennet
family's honor. He tracked down the couple and paid off Wickham's massive debts
in exchange for Wickham marrying Lydia. Why would he possibly do that? Well, we
have some ideas—but we don't get to find out right away. First, Bingley comes
back and finally proposes to Jane. And then, Lady Catherine visits Longbourn to
strong-arm Elizabeth into rejecting any proposal from Darcy, which obviously
doesn't work.
When Lizzy and Darcy finally get some alone time on a walk, we get
the moment we've all been waiting for: they clear up all their past
misunderstandings, agree to get married, and then make out in the rain. (Oh
wait, that was the movie version.)
And they all live happily ever after. More or less.
Rabu, 20 November 2013
i get it from bloger neigboard ( saya dpat dari blog tetangga)
SOME EXAMPLES
OF ARTICLES WRITTEN
Royal Bank of
Scotland Copy
Headline:
Teamwork Produces New Business First
Main Text:
The first ever
silver hedge for RBS Group has been traded by
Commodities in conjunction with
RBS International’s Corporate Treasury Solutions on the Isle of Man.
"Customers
often don’t realise that banks can do this sort of thing - especially on the
commodities side", said Mary Maginnis from Isle of Man Corporate Treasury
Solutions. "But we bring expertise from the vast experience of all aspects
of corporate finance for many different kinds of business over many
years".
"The Bank
can offer things such as wrapping different areas of financing together -
typically in something like a silver hedge we might wrap foreign exchange exposure and commodities exposure together in
one package".
"This deal
shows how important it is to get out there and keep in close contact with all
the RBS customers. It was a conversation at a customer function the subject
came up. We delved a bit deeper and told the customer RBS had a commodities
section".
"Our local
Isle of Man presence and the price, service and level of professionalism
impressed the client and a new channel of business for RBS was forged",
said Mary.
The silver is
used in the making of kettle elements by the world’s largest manufacturer. They
traded 2680 kg of silver at a fixed price for the year 2007 to iron out
fluctuations in world silver prices to stabilise forward costs of manufacture.
Ends
228 words
Headline:
Achieving their goal in Gibraltar
Main text:
RBS teams
scored an incredible winner when they organised a unique football match in
Gibraltar.
Forget pub
teams, RBS managed to get 14 former Liverpool legends to play in the friendly
match against mostly ex-Gibraltar footballers. Big names attracted to the Rock
included European Cup Winners Jimmy Case, Phil Neal and Bruce Grobbelaar.
More than 3,000
spectators – a huge chunk of the Gibraltar population – turned out to watch the
International Legends Charity Match, which was sponsored by RBS International
Personal Banking division and RBS Corporate Markets.
Head of the
Gibraltar Corporate Team Marvin Cartwright said: "We invited key customers
and guests to watch the game, before taking them for dinner in the evening.
"For our
guests, it was an opportunity to enjoy a unique event, and to meet some real
footballing legends. For RBS, it was a chance for our people to spend some real
quality time with key clients to further strengthen relationships."
The event,
staged in October, attracted huge publicity for RBS on the island and netted
more than £30,000 for the Research into Childhood Cancer charity.
And the
score…2-0 to the men from Anfield.
Ends (185
words)
Headline:
Getting to Know the Customer
Main text:
Little did RSB
client Andrew Herbert, Finance Director of Domino Printing Sciences PLC,
realise that he would come out of a business meeting with Jon Bramwell of RSB
East Anglia with a commitment to a sponsored charity bike ride from London to
Cambridge.
"Getting
to know the customer better by spending some quality time towards a shared
objective which is nothing to do with business really strengthens the
relationship between RSB and the client and helps maintain the business
link", says Jon Bramwell.
"We agreed
it would be nice to do something together to raise money for charity",
said Jon. "Both Andrew and me being keen cyclists we persuaded ourselves
to do the 50 mile London to Cambridge bike ride and raised about £500.
" I got
more than I bargained for because Andrew was
a bit quicker than me so I spent most of my time looking at Andrew’s
back", Jon said.
Ends
154 words
Headline:
Innovation Wins Business
Main text:
Banking
mandates from long established Barclays customers have been won by RBSI
Guernsey as a result of the innovative, professional and positive approach
adopted by the Guernsey commercial team.
"NatWest
Guernsey Premium Banking had opened personal accounts for the Co owner of a
long established property company and advised us of the potential business
banking. A meeting was set up within 24 hours", said RBSI’s Rob Girard.
Working with
Relationship Director Scott Philpott and Offshore Corporate Credit, an
innovative revolving credit facility was put in place within a short timeframe.
"Whilst Barclays quoted a lower price, the flexibility
and reaction time of RBSI and the
relationship teams approach in winning the confidence of the client in their
ability to deliver were viewed as critical factors. The deal was completed in
two weeks and a strong relationship based on innovation and delivery
established" Said Rob.
The second win
from Barclays within 10 days was Channel
Islands Media business ‘The Image
Group’, who felt they were not getting the service from
Barclays they expected and called Rob Girard after remembering a conversation
ten years previously.
"Key
factors in winning the business were
RBSI’s professional added value relationship approach, with in depth strength of the relationship team
and knowledge of the local markets" said Rob Girard.
ends
214 words
Headline:
Funding Global Growth
Main text:
Norfolk food
company Lakeside Food Group has been able to expand it’s business even faster
with a new £9.1m funding structure from RBS to help it buy, import and store
ready prepared foods as it carries on increasing it’s turnover by an estimated
30 per cent this year.
"Providing
working capital to business is an essential service RBS offer", says RBS
Corporate Director Bob Annable. "Without it modern commerce would slow
down to a snail’s pace.
"With the
immense amount of RBS experience gained over many years of understanding and
managing corporate finance for a wide variety of business activities we can
also offer access to financing expertise to our clients which they would not
have themselves", Bob told Reach.
"We are
very happy with the funding structure provided by RBS. Bob’s team was able to
provide us with sound advice and an imaginative approach. With the facilities
now in place, we can concentrate on our global growth strategy over the next
few years", said Lakeside Finance Director Graham Edwards.
The Lakeside
Food Group was set up in 1989 by Michael Masters and Mark Taylor to buy ‘value
added’ food products from around the World through supply contracts in Asia,
South America and Eastern Europe.
It supplies own
brand products for supermarkets Tesco, Iceland and Morrison as well as its own
Lakeland and Foxwood brands. Lakeside Food Group is also increasingly selling
to Western European countries and recently expanded into Australia and the
United States. Global expansion continues with more international offices in
the pipeline.
Ends
258 words
Headline: £3m
RBS Investment in School Grounds
Main text:
The largest
ever private sector investment in school grounds saw RBS completing yet another
playground improvement project in June at the Montgomery Primary School at
Sparkbrook, Birmingham.
It was all
smiles as the ribbon was cut to officially open the brand new Quiet Area, specially
designed and planted for the children as part of the £3 million Supergrounds programme developed
by RBS to improve more than 450 school grounds throughout the country.
Chris Hyde and
Tom Senior from RBS Corporate Banking in Birmingham nominated Montgomery
Primary because they were involved in the school.
"As a
parent myself I know what a difference a playground like this makes to the
lives of children and I’m really proud that the bank, through Supergrounds, has
turned Montgomery Primary School’s dream into a reality", Chris Hyde Said.
Head Teacher at
Montgomery School, Olga Owen, said " We are so pleased to have Chris, Tom
and their colleagues from RBS working alongside us, as their continuing
commitment to the school via Supergrounds is most impressive. Supergrounds has
been a most successful and rewarding project".
The Royal Bank
of Scotland Group spent £40 million on its community investment programme last
year, which is one of the largest in Europe.
Ends
206 words
Headline: Time
for Local Community
Main text
Giving time to
something that benefits the local community saw six members of RBS East Anglia
running in the ‘Chariots of Fire’ relay
race through the streets of Cambridge on Sunday, September 24th.
RBS team
members were Jon Bramwell, Steve Murray, Phil Green, John Everett, Nick Taylor
and Duncan McCunn. A total of £533 was raised by RBS for the East Anglian Air
Ambulance new helipad at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, which relies totally on
voluntary donations.
"We felt
we could do our bit and give up our own time for something that benefits the
local community because RBS is part of that community", says Steve Murray.
"RBS can be seen to be involved and it also helps us improve business
opportunities".
"The RBS
team may not have come first, but they certainly didn’t come last either !
Let’s just say they came respectably somewhere in the middle of the field with
a very creditable time of 1 hour 22 minutes", said RBS team member Steve
Murray.
The ‘Chariots
of Fire’ race was founded fifteen years ago and consists of relays of 1.7 miles
for each member of a six man team.
Ends
192 words
SAM - MICROSOFT
- BUSINESS INSIGHTS PUBLICATION
SOFTWARE ASSET
MANAGEMENT - AN INTRODUCTION
What is
SAM ?
Dramatic cost
savings in IT budgets are being completely missed by the majority of UK
businesses according to research by many
industry analysts.
With a proper
Software Asset Management policy in place Gartner Research estimates as much as
30 percent savings can be made on IT
assets during the first year followed by between 5 percent and 10 percent annually. Other business analysts
such as the Butler Group and IDC reach
similar conclusions.
What is
Software Asset Management or SAM ? Software is an asset just like any other
business asset and needs to be managed to get the most out of it says Ram
Dhaliwal, Licensing Programmes and Marketing Manager at Microsoft UK. A
good business manager doesn’t ignore other, more tangible assets, and software
assets shouldn’t be ignored just because they are intangible, Dhaliwal explains.
‘SAM delivers
one really important thing - which is getting maximum value from the software
investment. It then delivers three key
benefits’, says Dhaliwal.
- Overall
reduction in costs of management issues. More control so you only buy what you
actually need to use.
- Increased
security and improved patch and upgrade
management .
- Overall costs
savings.
Senior Research
analyst at The Butler Group, Mike Azoff, says Small to Medium Enterprises (SME’s)
haven’t readily embraced SAM because it is mostly thought of as simply a tool
for software licensing compliance and they are too busy to worry about yet more
administration when they would rather grow the business.
‘They don’t
realise there are other advantages of SAM too’
he says. ‘ Efficiency and
productivity can also be improved and this translates into an improved return on investment. A SAM policy will
invariably pay for itself’, he says.
Surprisingly, Gartner estimates that globally only about 10
percent of businesses have a SAM policy in place.
But in
September 2006, an anonymous survey at the Gartner IT and Software Asset
Management conference revealed that 35% of clients had experienced an on-site
audit from a major software vendor. Gartner reports this trend
accelerating In the short term.
Without a SAM
policy to provide transparency and control the complexities of software
licensing, more businesses will find themselves in expensive trouble with
compliance issues they had no idea existed. SME’s are particularly vulnerable,
according to industry analysts.
‘Over
expenditure on purchasing software licenses that are not required at all - a
complete waste of money which eats into company profits - is also extremely
common, Butler Group analyst Mike Azoff
says.
‘In the SME
market it is quite typical for the IT department to have a folder with a few
sheets of paper in’, he says.
2
‘They put SAM
at the bottom of their list of priorities because it seems easier. But licensing is also too complex to rely on bits
of paper. SAM can tell you everything you need to know about what software you
have in the organisation. You may have software with 50 licenses but only 10 of
them are being used’, says Azoff. ‘Or another software with 20 licenses which
are overused. SAM will allow you to rationalise your licenses and provide what
is really needed for your business’.
Because SAM
starts by establishing the known software in your IT environment, the SAM tools
will pick up other software that is running and flag them to the administrator
who can find out if it is licensed and how often it is used and so on.
This also
includes Virus software. This will be detected in the SAM auditing process and
can be removed, improving IT efficiency and business productivity.
Duplication of
software - where different departments are using the same software and there
are more licenses than are needed - will
also be picked up using SAM. Significant rationalisation can often be achieved
in this area.
A typical
example of a small enterprise encountering the usual range of software asset
managing problems is Chilfen Joinery of Hertfordshire.
Established in
1960 as a small family run manufacturing organisation, it specialised in
traditional joinery. Today the company is a much larger concern with an annual
turnover of 2.6 million. They employ at total of 53 people, 12 of whom are
office based.
As the company
grew Chilfen hastily added more PCs and employed a design specialist who worked
with AutoDesk’s AutoCAD software package. During this transitional period there
was still no one on site managing IT usage. Profits were up and the business
was getting bigger, but unfortunately their control over IT assets was
struggling to keep up.
A distant
relationship with an offsite managed IT service provider and a lack of staff on
site with knowledge of software asset management (SAM) left Chilfen Joinery
unwittingly in breach of copyright law.
‘Our server was
also being very erratic – there were so many problems with our software and
general IT network Something had to be done’, a senior Chilfen manager
reports. Our server had not backed up 3
weeks’ worth of data, so if a server failure happened we would have lost tens
of thousands of pounds in man hours, money and possibly, even clients. Now as
an integral part of the SAM policy in place it is monitored and backed up every
day.
Following a SAM
audit, a whole server re-build took place. A
host of unauthorised programmes were found to be lurking on the system,
along with several viruses.
All these
problems were sorted out when a proper SAM policy was implemented for the first
time. SAM has also given Chilfen a fresh approach to the use of IT within the
business, making it more efficient and providing a strategic advantage over
rivals who fail to manage their software
assets with a SAM policy says Chilfen.
ENDS
951 words to here
MICROSOFT -
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
3
NEXT STEPS
Research by
Business Analysts Ovum have found the single biggest IT concern quoted by 30 percent of SME’s is managing
costs. Staying on top of technology changes was quoted as the second biggest
concern by 18 percent of SME’s.
"Software
costs are among the most misunderstood and poorly managed costs in IT
organisations. Advanced Software Asset Management begins with cost modelling to
identify long term costs as well as the risk exposure associated with licensing
software", according to Gartner Analyst William R. Snyder.
CEO Lisa
Hammond of Centrix, independent business and IT consultancy specialising in advising on SAM, says this makes Software Asset Management
more vital than ever.
"Because a
lot of SME’s do not have dedicated IT
personnel they find it more challenging
to get a grip on SAM. They view hardware as an asset but tend to ignore
software as it is not visible".
"Centrix
has found that for every 5000 people in a large organisation you can save £2
million a year by implementing a SAM policy. That equates to £400 per user and
I would say it scales down exactly through to small and medium size enterprises
too. Of course implementing SAM with an approved partner specialising in SAM
provision is desirable, Lisa Hammond says, But it is now much easier to go down
the DIY route as well".
"The new
ISO standard 1977-1:2006 introduced last year is very pragmatic and the introduction says good practice in SAM should
result in the following benefits".
a) Risk
management: SAM should facilitate the management of business risks including:
1) risk of
interruption to IT services;
2) risk of
deterioration in the quality of IT services;
3) legal and
regulatory exposure;
4) risk of
damage to public image arising from any of the above.
b) Cost
control: SAM should facilitate cost control including in the following areas:
1) reduced
direct costs of software and related assets, such as by negotiating better
pricing through improved use of volume contracting arrangements, and by
avoiding purchasing new licenses when old ones can be re-deployed;
2) reduced time
and cost for negotiating with suppliers because of better information
availability;
3) reduced
costs through improved financial control, such as through better invoice
reconciliation and more accurate forecasting and budgeting;
4) reduced
infrastructure costs for managing software and related assets, by ensuring that
required processes are efficient and effective;
5) reduced
support costs which are significantly affected by the quality of SAM processes,
both directly within IT and indirectly within end-user areas.
4
c) Competitive
advantage: SAM should help the organisation gain competitive advantage through
the following:
1) better
quality decision making because of more complete and more transparent
information availability (for example, IT procurement and system development
decisions may be made more quickly and more reliably with better quality data);
2) being able
to deploy new systems and functionality more quickly and reliably in response
to market opportunities or demands;
3) providing IT
which is more closely aligned to business needs, thus ensuring that all users
have access to appropriate software and applications;
4) being able
to handle the IT aspects of business acquisitions, mergers or de-mergers more
quickly;
5) better
personnel motivation and client satisfaction through having less IT problems.
The basic steps
for setting up SAM are quite simple really, says Hammond. They
are:
1 - Make a list
of all hardware devices
2 - Note how
each machine is set up (is it attached to a network or not ?)
3 - Find out
what software is on each machine. This can be done either manually or by using
a software inventory tool to do it automatically.
4 - Locate
whoever is responsible for buying software
5 - Find all
the license documentation and proof of ownership.
6 - Compare
your software inventory with your licence records.
7 - It should
now be easy to see if and where your business is over or under licensed from
the final spreadsheet.
"The first
thing you have to do to get the SAM process going is to centralise all software
records in a definitive software library",
Lisa says.
- Centralise
software purchase and distribution
- Appoint a
Software Asset Manager
- Get company
wide acceptance of SAM process
- Set policies
and procedures
- Audit current
software usage
- Create
software asset management database
- On going
management
Alan Cross,
Head of SAM Solutions at Microsoft Certified
partner and software reseller,
Grey Matter says, "IT Managers typically see needing licensing help as a
failing and they will
5
be criticised for needing third party help.
But, as our client Southampton Football Club (Saints) has discovered, that is
simply not the case. There shouldn’t be a stigma attached to such a
relationship as its all about being proactive and maintaining control".
The Saints IT department of four supported a vast
infrastructure that encompassed about 40 different systems such as point of
sale, CCTV, audiovisual and TV distribution, and turnstile monitoring access.
More than 100 staff relied on the IT infrastructure.
The club was
already well versed in carrying out regular manual audits, generally when a
work experience student was on site. The student would visit each computer on the many different sites to check the
software actually installed matched the
records held by the club.
The SAMwise
remote asset sniffing software tool AssetSearch supplied by Grey
Matter replaced the student and removed the disruption and loss of productivity physical visits to each computer caused.
"I was
amazed at how in depth the audit process was", says Saints IT Manager Mark
Wierzbicki. "It would have taken us weeks of manual auditing to achieve
the same level of detail", he says.
"I was
expecting lots of disruption, but there wasn’t any. Within one day it had all
the audit data", said Mark.
954 words
Nicholas
Windrum
Freelance
Journalist
Telephone:
01403 262330
Email: nickwindrum@btinternet.com
MICROSOFT - BUSINESS INSIGHTS
OPINION
CHANGE OF ATTITUDE NEEDED
‘It has now
become absolutely critical for all business enterprises to radically change
their attitude to managing their software’ , says Julie Strawson, Chair of
the UK division of the World-wide
Business Software Alliance in 2006-2007 and European Marketing Director
of Monotype Imaging.
‘The penny is beginning
to drop as people discover it costs more not to manage your software assets
than to invest whatever it takes in implementing a proper Software Asset
Management (SAM) policy. We have seen an
increase of 85 percent of software vendors reporting a rise in SAM enquiries ’.
‘Even smaller
enterprises now use software so much more than previously for nearly every
6
business
activity the whole issue of software
management has come to a head’, Julie Strawson says. ‘IT managers are tired of
running around trying to fire fight endless problems just to keep everyone
on-line and able to continue working’.
‘The BSA has
found many small companies of 12 - 20 users have often never had a focus on their IT
infrastructure. They have never looked at what might affect the workforce. Their workers often don’t have
access to the most recent software programs and are not using the right
software for the job. This must change for enterprises to function efficiently
and legally in what is an increasingly complex and demanding software
environment’.
‘One example
which illustrates how SAM can improve IT
systems I came across recently was a publishing company with 11 000
different fonts, each one of which required licensing. When they put a SAM
policy in place and analysed what they really needed they discovered they only
required 3000 fonts. Straightaway they reduced their licensing requirement by
about 70 percent’.
‘I think
organisations are finally beginning to realise the real benefit of software to
their business. They have made the first bold move away from things like
drawing boards, for example, and use computerised systems like autoCAD instead.
They now need to support that software more because users are becoming less
tolerant. People expect their software to work seamlessly every minute of every
working day’.
‘If that isn’t
happening a lot of pressure builds up in
an organisation and it is generally felt by the IT manager or whoever else is
in charge. These managers are starting to look for ways of alleviating that
pressure and solving those problems. That is why SAM is becoming elevated on
the business management agenda’.
‘SAM is
becoming part of corporate governance too and is mandatory in the Unites States
where the Sarbane - Oxley legislation of
2002 has enormous implications for
software management and can lead to criminal penalties for running unlicensed
software. Under the Sarbane - Oxley act CEO’s are responsible for the security,
accuracy and the reliability of the systems’.
‘It is a matter
of time before similar legislation comes to Europe and there is already discussion among the
legislators of the EEC about how best to regulate the software market’, Julie
Strawson adds.
‘The UK is
already leading the way with a new International Standard for SAM - ISO 1977-1: 2006 introduced by the The
British Standards Institute in May last year. It is already being revised and
improved and a newer version is currently being reviewed for publication later
in 2007. BSi is the World's leading standards and quality
services organisation’.
‘The new ISO
standard makes it easier for even small organisations to just go online and for
a very modest cost download a comprehensive template telling them how they should be managing their software and
implementing SAM controls to give that all important transparency to the IT
system - so the organisation actually knows what is really going on’.
‘There are huge
security risks associated with downloading cheap software which often bring
viruses into the organisation. I recently came across a small business with two
viruses in its server, and so they were serving out viruses to their own
workers’.
‘It is a false
economy to buy cheap software because all these issues add to the cost of managing the software’ Julie
Strawson explains.
‘At the same
time these organisations haven’t engaged with the vendors properly to get the
right program which adds value in the long term. They miss out on added value
services vendors provide with software’.
7
‘Most companies
don’t go out of their way to be illegal and non-compliant, so I think getting
that resolved and having transparency in the organisation and actually knowing
what is going on on your IT system is a great benefit and a great weight off
management’s mind ’, Julie Strawson adds.
‘There is a lot
of quite unintentional use of unlicensed software because employees load
company computers with unauthorised software when they take them home.
Consultants of all kinds are being used more frequently and they come in and
deposit software all over the place as well’.
‘The annual
BSA Global research study undertaken in
conjunction with IDC shows that 35
percent of business software in Western Europe is illegal and the figure for
the UK is 27 percent’.
‘That is an
horrific number because if you compare it with retail goods, for example, only
1.3 percent are pirated. When you see the amount of publicity fake goods get
all the time you begin to realise what an enormous issue it is for the software
industry with a figure more than twenty times greater for pirated software than
the figure for fake retail goods’.
‘A 10 point
drop in the rate of piracy in the UK from 27 percent to 17 percent would
translate into 33874 jobs in just four years and contribute £18.9 billion to
the UK GDP. That’s significant’, says Julie Strawson.
Ends
936 words
Nicholas
Windrum
Freelance
Journalist
Telephone:
01403 262330
Email: nickwindrum@btinternet.com
Nicholas
Windrum
Freelance
Journalist
Telephone:
01403 262330
Email: nickwindrum@btinternet.com
Further Reading
(incomplete)
Business
Software Alliance http://www.bsa.org/uk/
Business
Software Alliance SAM Help - understanding Software Asset Management http://www.justasksam.co.uk/
Microsoft SAM
site
http://www.microsoft.com/uk/business/sam/
Gartner
Research Survey Shows Increases in Software License Audits - Publication Date: 20 December 2006 ID
Number: G00145226
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Royal Bank of
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Whitbread Ltd (drinks industry)
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International (express courier
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Professional
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Perseus Ltd (computers & software)
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Unihold Group
of Companies (industrial
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Petite Roque
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Foto Equipment
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McFarlane
Safaris Ltd (African safaris)
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Institute of
Estate Agents SA (estate agents
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Benoni Forge
Products Ltd (forged and cast steel
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Lieberman
Pottery Ltd (Ceramics manufacturer)
Rely Precision
Castings Ltd (specialist castings)
Freelance
Journalist & Public Relations Consultant
Nicholas
Windrum
11 Saxon
Crescent
Horsham
West Sussex
RH12 2HX
E-mail: nickwindrum@btinternet.com
Telephone:
01403 262330
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